Berberine has been studied extensively for its effects on metabolic pathways, including its ability to positively regulate insulin metabolism and improve insulin sensitivity.

Berberine is known to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a key role in regulating energy metabolism. AMPK activation enhances insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and reducing glucose production in the liver.

* Study 1: The study showed that berberine improved insulin sensitivity by increasing insulin receptor expression. Reference: Yin, J., Xing, H., & Ye, J. (2008). Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism, 57(5), 712-717.

* Study 2: The study suggested that berberine's actions on adipokines, substances secreted by adipose tissue that can influence glucose and lipid metabolism, contribute to its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity.
Reference: Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zou, D., Liu, W., Yang, J., Zhu, N., ... & Ning, G. (2008). Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93(7), 2559-2565.

* Study 3: This systematic review concluded that berberine significantly improved insulin sensitivity across multiple studies.
Reference: Lan, J., Zhao, Y., Dong, F., Yan, Z., Zheng, W., Fan, J., & Sun, G. (2015). Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, and hypertension. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 161, 69-81.

Green tea and its active component, EpiGalloCatechin Gallate (EGCG), have been extensively researched for their potential effects on fat metabolism, thermogenesis, and lipolysis.

Thermogenesis: EGCG has been shown to increase energy expenditure and promote thermogenesis - the body's process of heat production, which burns calories. This effect is partially mediated by the inhibition of an enzyme that degrades norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating metabolic rate and fat breakdown.

Lipolysis: EGCG can enhance the breakdown of fat (lipolysis) by activating hormone-sensitive lipase, an enzyme involved in the mobilization of stored fats.

Study 1: A study published in the "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition" found that green tea extract (rich in catechins and caffeine) significantly increased 24-hour energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans, compared to placebo. This suggests that compounds in green tea can enhance metabolic rate and the body's ability to burn fat.
Reference: Dulloo, A. G., Duret, C., Rohrer, D., Girardier, L., Mensi, N., Fathi, M., ... & Vandermander, J. (1999). Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(6), 1040-1045.

Study 2: Another research study demonstrated that EGCG alone has the potential to increase fat oxidation in men, providing evidence that the fat-burning effects of green tea are not solely due to its caffeine content.
Reference: Venables, M. C., Hulston, C. J., Cox, H. R., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2008). Green tea extract ingestion, fat oxidation, and glucose tolerance in healthy humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87(3), 778-784.

Study 3: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggested that green tea supplementation significantly decreases body weight and helps in maintaining weight loss. The analysis points towards the catechins in green tea, particularly EGCG, as the active compounds contributing to these effects.
Reference: Hursel, R., Viechtbauer, W., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2009). The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 33(9), 956-961.

Caffeine has been widely researched for its stimulating effects on the central nervous system, which can enhance fat metabolism through mechanisms like thermogenesis and lipolysis.

Study 1: "Normal caffeine consumption: influence on thermogenesis and daily energy expenditure in lean and postobese human volunteers" by Acheson KJ, Gremaud G, Meirim I, Montigon F, Krebs Y, Fay LB, Gay LJ, Schneiter P, Schindler C, Tappy L. * Findings: This study demonstrated that caffeine intake significantly increases thermogenesis (the body's process of producing heat), as well as daily energy expenditure, suggesting its potential to aid in fat loss by boosting metabolic rate.

Study 2: "Caffeine and coffee: their influence on metabolic rate and substrate utilization in normal weight and obese individuals" by Acheson KJ, Zahorska-Markiewicz B, Pittet P, Anantharaman K, Jéquier E. * Findings: Caffeine was found to increase fat oxidation in both normal-weight and obese individuals, indicating that it can enhance the body's use of fat as an energy source.

Study 3: "The effects of caffeine intake on weight loss: a systematic review and dos-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" by Tabrizi R, Saneei P, Lankarani KB, Akbari M, Kolahdooz F, Esmaillzadeh A, Naeini AJ, Mazoochi M, Asemi Z. * Published in: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2019. * Findings: This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials concluded that caffeine intake is associated with body weight, BMI, and body fat reduction, supporting its role in weight management.

Capsimax™, a concentrated form of capsaicinoids derived from chili peppers, is recognized for its potential to enhance fat metabolism through mechanisms such as thermogenesis and lipolysis, contributing to weight loss.

Study 1: "Acute effects of capsaicin on energy expenditure and fat oxidation in negative energy balance" by Janssens PLHR, Hursel R, Martens EAP, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. * Published in: PLoS ONE, 2013. * Findings: This study found that capsaicin intake significantly increased energy expenditure and promoted fat oxidation, indicating its role in enhancing metabolic rate and the body's ability to burn fat. The study supports the thermogenic effect of capsaicinoids, suggesting they can contribute to creating a negative energy balance and potentially aid in weight loss.

Study 2: "The effects of hedonically acceptable red pepper doses on thermogenesis and appetite" by Ludy MJ, Moore GE, Mattes RD. * Published in: Physiology & Behavior, 2011. * Findings: This research demonstrated that consumption of red pepper (which contains capsaicinoids similar to Capsimax™) can decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. The study suggests that capsaicinoids may help in managing appetite and enhancing thermogenesis, leading to reduced calorie intake and increased calorie burning.

Study 3: "Effects of novel capsinoid treatment on fatness and energy metabolism in humans: possible pharmacogenetic implications" by Snitker S, Fujishima Y, Shen H, Ott S, Pi-Sunyer X, Furuhata Y, Sato H, Takahashi M. * Published in: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009. * Findings: The study observed that capsinoid consumption (capsaicinoid-like compounds) led to a decrease in abdominal fat and contributed to weight loss in subjects. The findings support the potential of capsaicinoids in modulating fat metabolism and body composition.

Losing weight and looking your best is not "just" about fat loss, it is also about stripping away that layer of water retention that is blurring out your definition and adding extra pounds of unwanted bodyweight weight to the scale. This is why we added our OPTIMIZED HERBRAL DIURETIC COMPLEX to help your body look and feel your absolute best. This makes BURN RATE great for weight-class oriented athletes, physique competitors, and those wanting to look dry and tight when every inch matters!

Juniper Berry Powder (Junipers communis) (Fruit)
Dandelion Root Extract (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand) (Whole Herb)
Uva Ursi Extract (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) (Leaf)
Horsetail Powder (Equistum arvense) (Aerial)
BioPerine® (Piper nigrum) (Fruit) (std, 95% piperine)